Our subject is the evidence held in minerals and their surroundings: geometry, texture, associations and the relationships that reveal a geological sequence. We write for amateur observers, beginning collectors and curious readers. No collecting experience is required; a willingness to distinguish a direct observation from a proposed explanation is enough.
Describe before interpreting
We start with visible properties and explain how they support a hypothesis. “Rounded green aggregates” is an observation. “Malachite formed during oxidation of a copper-bearing deposit” is an interpretation with several additional requirements. Keeping those layers separate makes the reasoning easier to check.
Use the right source for the question
Mineral species and nomenclature are informed by the International Mineralogical Association. Locality records and their references can be explored through Mindat. Broader rock processes are covered by the British Geological Survey and United States Geological Survey. Gemological questions may require resources from the Gemological Institute of America.
These organizations are not affiliated with this website and do not endorse its contents. A link identifies a reference starting point, not proof that a particular loose specimen has been authenticated.
Keep limits visible
We avoid unsupported rarity claims, price estimates and health claims about crystals. We do not present a photograph as a substitute for laboratory analysis. Images illustrate geological features and are not certified reference specimens; lighting and display settings can alter apparent color.
This is an educational publication, not a laboratory, appraisal business, collecting permit authority or professional field-safety service. We do not claim credentials or institutional affiliations that have not been documented.
Welcome a checkable correction
If you find a factual problem, send the page address, the passage concerned and a reliable source explaining the correction. We cannot guarantee a response or a particular review timescale, but a specific reference is more useful than an unsupported alternative identification.
Use the contact page to prepare an editorial question. Please do not send hazardous samples, confidential locality information or unsolicited physical specimens.